Popularize stone knowledge and interpret noble value. Topteck Stone Group focuses on providing high-quality environmental protection stone solutions for high-end hotels and mansions, creating classics and inheriting treasures. In order to better exchange and share the beauty of stone, Topteck WeChat official account regularly launches a series of articles called "Stone Knowledge Forum" to create a new era of stone with everyone. The content of the article is mainly from the network and is selected and edited by Topteck. The theoretical views and any facts involved are for reference only.
Depression: large area depression and downward bending of rock stratum under stress, and obvious dish shaped defects on the surface during processing.
Baihua (efflorescence): white powder or calcareous hard block formed by the reaction between alkali in cement and mineral in stone under the action of water.
Baijie Pad: a kind of plastic fiber sheet, mainly used for stone cleaning, wax polishing and mirror (crystal) polishing.
Porphyry structure: There are crystal particles of different sizes in the rock, large particles are called phenocrysts, and small particles are called matrix.
Scrap: small pieces of stone abandoned in mining and processing or fragments or fragments separated from stone.
Acrylic acid protective agent: the stone protective agent with acrylic acid as the main raw material is easy to form film on the surface, deepen the color of the stone, and have plastic light.
Special treatment agent for diseases: specially developed for treatment of various stone diseases. Such as rust remover, wax layer remover, algae and mold remover, decontamination paste, degreasing paste, etc.
Wave surface: generally the same as the surface of lychee, but deep depression, large dots, and strong three-dimensional sense.
Pineapple panel material: a kind of board with a surface appearance like pineapple peel.
Thin plate: granite and marble plate with thickness less than or equal to 12mm.
Ultra thin plate: granite and marble plate with thickness less than 8mm.
Dust pusher: a tool for daily maintenance of stone materials, which is composed of a socket and a pole holder. It is usually used in combination with electrostatic water.
Film forming protective agent: after construction, the effective ingredients form a protective layer behind the film on the stone surface, which will deepen the stone color and make the surface plastic.
Material yield: the percentage of finished products and raw materials used in stone processing.
Window cover: the line installed at the window to form the window arch.
Hammered plate: rough decorative panel processed by flower hammer.
Rough decorative plate (rough panel): plate with flat and rough surface and regular processing stripes.
Large beveled edge: beveled edge with beveled length greater than 14mm.
Chamfer: The process of grinding an edge into a bevel.
Equal grain structure: the structure with basically the same size of main mineral particles in the rock.
Floor: also known as base, it refers to the main color or main color of stone.
Engraving board: The board with various patterns carved on the stone surface.
Fixed thickness: the process of processing stone into a specified thickness for polishing or bonding.
Freezing and thawing: damage caused by freezing expansion of water in stone when it is cold.
Chopping axe board: rough veneer made of axe head.
Oolitic structure: It is composed of spherical or ellipsoidal particles, whose shape and size are like fish eggs.
French edge: It is composed of a small straight edge and a 1/4 round edge.
French chess piece edge: It is composed of a small straight edge and a 1/2 round edge.
Rolling: the surface is smooth or slightly rough, and the corners are smooth and broken.
Renovation chip: an abrasive used in the grinding and polishing of stone materials, mainly composed of resin and diamond particles. Grinding discs are hard and thick, and can be divided into different types according to different particle sizes and materials.
Anti slip coefficient: the ratio of tangential force and vertical force when the object overcomes the maximum static friction and just produces sliding.
Mold resistance: the ability of stone to resist mold erosion.
Water resistance: the ability of stone to resist water entering into the interior of stone through pores.
Antifouling: the ability of stone to resist the erosion of dirt juice (quality).
Antique stone: matt panel material polished by a series of stone grinding brushes. Some archaize stones are burned first, and then polished with a series of grinding brushes.
Weathering: damage or change of natural stone due to long-term wind and sun exposure, rain erosion, biological damage, etc.
Suture: zigzag curve in rock generally does not cause destructive curve.
Railing line: a line used as a railing.
Fluorosilicon type protective agent: it is a protective agent using organic silicon and fluorine compounds as the main raw materials, and its anti pollution ability is generally better than that of ordinary organic silicon protective agents.
Axe chopping: after preliminary cutting, further processing shall be carried out on the stone to eliminate obvious saw marks, but the effect cannot reach the effect after polishing.
Composite stone: a new decorative material made of ultra-thin stone as decorative material and bonded with one or more other materials with structural adhesive.
Compound straight line: straight line with a section shape of multiple arcs or steps.
Dry hanging: the construction method that the facing stone is directly fixed on the wall column base surface with corrosion-resistant metal components, leaving a cavity without mortar.
Steel wool: It is used for stone surface cleaning and crystal surface treatment. It is composed of numerous fine iron wires, with different thickness.
Functional protective agent: Stone protective agent designed for certain specific functions.
Hangers: fixed parts or parts used to fix stone plates or special-shaped stones, which are usually used as cladding or lining materials of walls.
Grouting: it is a construction method that the stone is fixed on the wall with steel wire and pin, and then the cement mortar is poured into the gap between the stone and the wall.
Glossiness: the degree to which the surface of the veneer reflects the visible light.
Specification material: raw material conforming to standard specification.
Roller coating: the construction method of coating stone curing agent on stone surface with roller.
Begonia edge: It is formed by connecting two small vertical edges and a circular edge with the middle being less than 1/4.
Pattern: The image presented by the composition, structure and structure of stone.
Chemical corrosion: damage to stone caused by corrosive chemicals.
Block: stone with a certain specification, processed from rough materials, used to process veneer plates.
Block rate: the ratio of the total volume of quarried qualified block to the volume of the ore body in the set volume, expressed as a percentage. It is divided into graphic block rate, trial mining block rate and production block rate.
Yellow spot: the yellow stain generated by the stone after being polluted by external substances or reacting with cement.
Mining: The process of separating ore from ore body.
Burning surface: This surface is mainly used for indoor decoration such as flooring or commercial buildings, with high labor costs. The burning surface is formed by heating at high temperature and cooling rapidly. It is generally granite.
Machine gun plate: rough decorative panel processed by machine gun method.
Chicken beak line: cut a "V" shaped slot on the edge of the board to call the chicken beak, and a "U" shaped slot to call the duck beak.
Weighting block: the counterweight iron block of the stone material renovation machine.
Shearing: the height error between plates of stone after installation.
See the polished edge: the two adjacent edges shall be polished above 80 °.
Pouring: a construction method that first uses a container to hold the stone curing agent, and then pours the stone surface from top to bottom.
Gluing: a method of directly pasting stone with glue.
Foot line: the decorative line installed at the ground level.
Diamond piece: an abrasive used in the grinding and polishing of stone materials, which is mainly welded by an iron disc and a diamond bar.
Soaking: It is a construction method to pour the stone curing agent into the soaking tank first, then put the stone into the soaking tank and let it fully penetrate.
Crystal face: The process of re lattice stone surface with crystal face agent under the effect of heat energy converted from mechanical energy.
Surfactant: a liquid that can harden and brighten the stone surface by re lattice in the process of converting mechanical energy into heat energy.
Crystal hard powder: a kind of stone maintenance material, which can greatly increase the hardness and brightness of stone under the action of heat energy.
Crystal hardening agent: a kind of liquid that can react with the crystal on the stone surface under the condition of mechanical polishing, so as to re lattice the stone surface and achieve the effect of hardening and brightening.
Mirror surface: use some physical or chemical methods to make the glossiness of stone surface as bright as a mirror.
Mirror plate (polishing plate): plate with flat surface and mirror luster.
Sawing: The process of turning the block into rough boards.
Grooving: A pit with a certain depth and width is cut on the plate.
Cracking: It is usually cut by hand or chiseled in the mine to expose the natural cracking surface of the stone. This surface treatment is mainly used for slate.
Frost resistance: the ability of rock to resist freeze-thaw damage.
Anti aging performance: the ability of stone to resist natural ultraviolet radiation and other physical and chemical damage.
Water pressure resistance: the pressure that the stone bears when the water enters the stone through the pores.
Pit: deep depression formed during processing.
Hollow drum: interface phenomenon caused by poor adhesion of stone and cement.
Holes: naturally formed pits with a certain depth.
Massive structure: the structure in which the minerals in the rock are arranged in disorder and distributed evenly.
Wire drawing surface: also called machine planed surface. Use a saw blade or a special grinding wheel to pull out shallow grooves or grooves on the stone surface, which can provide a special texture of anti-skid heel.
Baluster Line: The line used as a railing.
Aging: damage to stone caused by natural ultraviolet radiation and other physical and chemical factors.
Edge: the intersection line between the decorative surface and the side of stone products.
Edge and corner defect: the edge and corner of the veneer are damaged.
Litchi face plate: a plate formed by striking the surface with a hammer shaped like litchi peel, so as to form a rough surface shaped like litchi peel on the stone surface.
Stone: stone with certain specifications processed from rough materials, used for building buildings.
Crack: the crack formed on the aggregate due to the vibration or weathering during mining. There are two kinds of cracks: grain crack and through crack. Grain crack refers to short and shallow cracks on the aggregate; Through crack refers to longer and deeper crack.
Flow surface structure: lamellar minerals (mica, etc.), tabular minerals (feldspar, etc.), flat xenoliths and segregations in magma are arranged in layers and belts. The direction of flow surface development represents the structural plane easy to split and the sawing plane direction during processing.
Streamline structure: long minerals (amphibole, etc.), long xenoliths, and segregations in the rock award are arranged in a long axis orientation, generally parallel to the direction of magma flow. The streamline direction represents the direction in which the rock is easy to split.
Grain: the original fracture formed during various mineralization periods in the stone, most of which are sandwiched with a thin layer of clay, and the color is mostly dark yellow. There are deep yellow or even black grain patterns in the stone, which have a great impact on the quality of its products.
Longan panel material: a plate shaped like an eyelet is formed by staggered knocking on the stone surface with a straight line hammer.
Roman columns: they are composed of columns and eaves. The columns can be divided into three parts: column base, column body and column head (column cap). Roman columns were originally traditional Greek buildings, but now they mainly imitate the special lines and patterns of European ancient Roman buildings.
Rough board: board sawn from blocks.
Polished board: a board with one side polished to have a mirror effect.
Raw material: irregular shaped stone directly separated from the mine.
Door pocket line: the line installed at the door to form the door arch.
Edged plate: A plate that is ground to a geometric shape on one edge of the plate.
Polishing: the process of processing the rough board surface into a flat and smooth one.
Mushroom panel material: The surface is hammered with a chisel and hammer to form a plate like a undulating mountain.
Fire resistance limit: the fire resistance test of building components shall be carried out according to the time temperature standard curve, and the period from the time when they are exposed to fire to the time when they lose their supporting capacity or integrity is damaged or their fire insulation is lost shall be expressed in hours.
Alkali resistance: the ability of facing stone to resist alkali corrosion.
Abrasion resistance: the abrasion resistance of facing stone is expressed by the abrasion of dry rock unit area under specified conditions.
Acid resistance: the ability of facing stone to resist acid corrosion.
Typesetting: The pre paving of the ground to achieve the effect of tracing patterns or to make the decorative surface patterns and tones coordinated as a whole.
Polishing: The process of processing the surface of a thin panel into a mirror like luster.
Spray gun: one of the tools used for stone surface protection treatment, generally low pressure type.
Sand blasting plate: use carborundum as auxiliary material to spray the stone surface into a rough plate under a certain pressure.
Sand blasting surface: a process effect made by stone sand blasting machine. The air flow can be adjusted to the required depth and uniformity according to the stone hardness.
Spraying: the construction method of applying the stone curing agent on the stone surface with a low-pressure spray gun.
Splitting: random machining surface formed by rough machining on stone surface.
Gneissic structure: a structure in which minerals in rocks are arranged in a directional manner.
Bottom skimming: the process of cutting a certain angle on the bottom of the thickness direction for the long (or wide) edge of the sheet.
Skimming: the process of cutting a certain angle on the upper surface of the thickness direction from the long (or wide) edge of the sheet.
Flatness: the flatness of the polished surface of the veneer.
Plane straight line: the decorative surface is plane straight line.
General plate: also known as standard plate, specification plate and set plate, it is a granite or marble plate with specified thickness and cut according to the specified square area after polishing or polishing.
Warpage: The bending of decorative plates.
Cutting: the process of processing a sheet into a certain size.
Solvent based protective agent: stone protective agent mainly made of oil soluble solute and solvent, insoluble in water, strong penetrability, certain smell and flammable.
Color mottle and color line: striped strip or mottled material that is incompatible with the basic color and pattern of facing stone.
Color difference: color difference between decorative stone plates.
Sand sawing: It refers to the surface with random grooves and stripes formed by combination sawing and cold steel sand.
Sand hole: naturally formed pit with certain depth.
Polishing: coating the polishing material on the stone surface to improve the luster effect of the stone.
Permeation type protective agent: after construction, the effective ingredients will form an effective protective barrier after the pores of the stone penetrate, without forming a film, to maintain the breathing ability of the stone.
Permeability repair: fill small area defects of stone, such as pores and sand holes, with sols, blockwork wax and some polymers.
Wire saw processing: the surface with straight line and (or) curve groove shape processed by wire saw.
Wet pasting: a method of directly paving decorative stone with cement mortar. At present, it is generally used for ground construction.
Stone disease: refers to the phenomenon that under the influence of certain factors, the structure, performance, color and other aspects of stone are affected or changed, and its decorative effect has declined or disappeared.
Stone protection: after some stone protective agents are applied to the surface of stone, the stone can be waterproof, antifouling, acid and alkali resistant, anti-aging, anti freezing and thawing, anti biological erosion and other functions, thus improving the service life and decorative effect of stone.
Stone care: it is a new industry for stone follow-up services, mainly including stone protection, renovation, leveling, polishing, disease treatment, cleaning, daily maintenance, etc.
Stone wax: a water-soluble low molecular organic sealing material, which can form a covering layer to protect the substrate after being coated on the stone surface. However, the hardness is low and the color changes easily.
Stone cleaning: use physical tools or chemical agents to clean the dust or other dirts (substances) on the stone surface.
Stone maintenance: it is a new industry for stone follow-up services, mainly including stone protection, renovation, leveling, polishing, disease treatment, cleaning, daily maintenance, etc.
Trial mining area: within the specified range, the ore body is subject to trial mining to determine the mining method and determine the rate of waste materials.
Facing plate: the plate made of facing stone is used for the internal and external walls, floors, columns, and countertops of buildings.
First mining area: the first mining section and its scope of the mine.
Resin type polishing liquid: It is synthesized from high-quality resin materials and coated on the stone surface to form a high hardness and high brightness coating.
Water stain: wet mark formed by the reaction of siliceous substance in stone and alkali in cement to form a colloidal substance that is easy to absorb water.
Water washed plate: the surface of the plate impacted by water is distributed with small holes and pits, and the natural color of the stone is basically presented.
Wiper: It is used for scraping stone when cleaning or renovating, and consists of rubber strip, rubber clip and handle.
Water grinding disc: an abrasive used in the grinding and polishing of stone materials, mainly composed of resin and diamond particles. The grinding discs are soft and small in thickness, and can be divided into different types according to the particle size and material.
Water washing face: also known as water washing face, it is a treatment method of spraying stone surface with high-pressure water to create mechanism.
Water based protective agent: water soluble solute and water soluble solvent or protective agent completely with water as solvent are used, which is easily soluble in water, has weaker permeability than solvent based protective agent, has small or no smell, and is incombustible.
Acid etching: The formation of old surfaces by acid etching.
Step straight line: the decorative surface is the straight line of the step.
Caulking: use caulking glue or other caulking materials to fill the gap of stone.
Banded structure: a structure in which bands of different colors composed of different textures and mineral grains are arranged alternately in rocks.
Bending strength: the stress value that the test piece can withstand when bending to failure.
Bending line: the spline whose extension track is a curve.
Stain: foreign matters formed from primary and secondary materials that pollute the board.
Stain: the mark formed after colored dirt pollutes the stone.
Eave line: the line installed at the eaves.
Seamless renovation: fill all stone gaps with resin first, and then renovate the stone surface.
Water absorption: expressed by the ratio of the rock mass absorbed and the dry rock mass.
Fine face plate (polished plate): plate with flat and smooth surface.
Small bevel edge: bevel edge with bevel length less than 14mm.
Agreement board: board agreed by both parties.
Agreed materials: raw materials with specifications agreed by both parties.
Compressive strength: the stress value of the test piece that is destroyed by the unidirectional compressive force.
Matte board: board with flat and smooth surface and low luminosity.
Grinding: use machinery and abrasives to process stone surface.
Waist line: the decorative thread installed on the wall roughly at the waist level.
Irregular stone: stone with special nonplanar shape processed by carving, grinding, cutting or other methods.
Aphanitic structure: a structure in which the component crystals are very fine and can only be distinguished under a microscope.
Oily protective agent: stone protective agent mainly made of oil soluble solute and solvent, insoluble in water, strong penetrability, strong smell, flammable and generally toxic.
Organic silicon protective agent: stone curing agent with organic silicon as the main raw material.
Circular arc plate: bent plates with a certain radius and arc length can be spliced to form columns, elliptical columns or other columns.
Arc straight spline: straight spline with arc section shape.
Recrystallization hardening treatment: some special chemical materials are mechanically combined with the structure and organization of the stone surface to produce a micro rheological reaction with the help of the heat generated during friction, so as to produce a new hard and bright blend crystalline layer to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the stone.
Bonding repair: It refers to the repair of the butt joint edge of the broken plate with the joint pin and epoxy resin glue.
Leveling: reduce the height error of stone level by grinding.
Overall grinding: an installation or renovation process in the stone decoration construction project. The overall surface treatment of the stone floor after installation can effectively reduce the process requirements for the installation of stone surface, eliminate the height difference of joints, and keep the stone bright and flat.
Straight line: the spline whose extension track is a straight line.
Corner line: the line used at the corner of wall or column.
Decorative line (decorative tape): a continuous groove on the surface of stone plate or along the edge to achieve decorative purposes or highlight the connection position.
Tracing pattern: the head and tail connection of natural stone patterns.
Natural face: A naturally formed surface without any treatment.
Natural splitting: An irregular low relief rough surface formed by splitting along the layers, bedding or cracks of stone.
Comprehensive protective agent: It mainly refers to the protective agent that has the functions of waterproof, oil proof, antifouling, acid and alkali resistant, anti-aging, anti freezing and thawing, and anti biological erosion.
[Contents are arranged in sound order]
WeChat reading article: terms related to stone