Stone is more and more popular with the public because of its natural beauty and non charming characteristics. However, it is precisely because stone is a natural product that there are many unsatisfactory places. For example, the depth of the stone color, the thickness of the pattern, the size of the dots and some other aspects of the appearance defects. The more stones are used, the easier the problem of stone defects appears. For most stone materials, especially marble, this problem is more prominent. These common phenomena are often one of the important reasons for disputes between manufacturers and customers, and between decorators and decoration owners.
In fact, as long as a little attention is paid to the problems mentioned above in the process of production, processing and installation, many unsatisfactory aspects of stone can be basically solved, and the disadvantages can be turned into advantages, or even waste can be turned into treasure, so that stone can play a more beautiful decorative effect, and add luster to beautify the living environment of the public. The following experience accumulated in stone production, processing and installation practice can be used for reference by the insiders.
1、 Sampling
In order to avoid the blindness of material cutting in a large project, samples shall be knocked from each block on the same sawing surface to polish, compare and number them before material cutting. The thick, medium and light colors shall be distinguished according to the principle of color transition. If there are many colors of materials, they shall be distinguished by English letters A, B, C, D, E. The samples taken shall be kept for a period of time after the completion of the project, so as to facilitate the use of customers when replenishing materials.
After the samples are determined, the person in charge of the material opening section shall formulate a detailed material opening plan according to the technical and quality requirements of the production and processing order and the layout plan provided by the customer. The material opening plan must come into effect after being confirmed and signed by the workshop leader, workshop quality inspector, and business merchandiser.
2、 Plate arrangement, color separation, plate selection and planning
1. Due to the large amount of the same kind of stone used in a large project, in order to ensure that the color and texture of the boards installed in the same space and plane are basically the same, and achieve a good decorative effect, before sawing the large boards, the representative large boards should be selected from each large board cut from the block, and arranged in the order of color change, color separation, and use words to indicate the number of the block, color depth, and use thick, medium and light to distinguish. When there are many color classifications of stone, A1, A2, A3... are used to distinguish.
2. When the color and texture of the stone to be selected for processing are quite different, and there are other defects on the surface of the stone, the plate shall be taken according to the size of the stone divided on the layout plan and decoration elevation provided by the customer, and the boundary cutting line shall be marked on the surface of the stone with a pencil.
3. After taking the board, draw the size and number distribution of the board with a drawing.
4. The process personnel or plate taking personnel shall indicate which part of the obtained plate is used in the processing engineering in the form of words and figures.
5. The plates sawn according to the plan shall still be arranged and color separated before edge grinding and profile machining. The direction of edge grinding shall be marked to avoid mixing the adjusted color and texture during edge grinding and profile machining.
3、 Staining
In recent years, with the development of stone dyeing technology, the stone dyeing technology is also gradually mature. Many stone materials that were previously considered to be non dyeable have broken through the technical prohibition zone and can be dyed, and various dyes have also been produced. The dyed stone can change the problem of local color difference, making the stone installation effect better.
Before dyeing the plates, it is better to take a small sample for test, compare the dyeing sample with the primary color of the plates, and then put into dyeing after confirming that the effect reaches the purpose.
4、 Mending
Some stone materials, whether super grade or first grade, are doomed to have defects due to their natural physical properties. For example, purple colored hemp and oyster pearl inevitably have black color spots. If the customer has to avoid black spots when processing such stones, it may be difficult for the manufacturer to carry out production smoothly, or even cause considerable losses.
The stone with color spots and color lines must be repaired carefully with correct methods, otherwise the repaired stone will be difficult to achieve a good decorative effect.
Install a bit on the drilling machine with the same diameter as the color spot, drill out the color spot, and then use a round stone with a diameter error of 0.5mm to fill the excavated part. Carefully handle the butt joint, which can hardly be seen.
5、 Split
Smart designers and designers who have a deep understanding of stone materials will adopt an isolation design method in large projects to separate the same stone material from another to ensure that the color of each area is basically the same.
6、 Process according to spatial structure
Stone is easy to process, but not easy to process. Good processing, because the space for stone decoration is large, is divided into many small spaces by many beams, columns, corners and floors. During production and processing, materials can be used according to these small spaces, so that each different space and room has different materials, and the adjacent spaces can be seen with basically the same materials.
There are many decoration projects. When a large area of stone is used for decoration, this method is often used when the color of the same space cannot be guaranteed. First, ensure the color of the whole wall is consistent, the color of the beam is consistent, and the color of the column is consistent. Use different colors in the same space to create a three-dimensional feeling.
7、 Progressive processing by color
I have been in contact with a project in Japan. Due to the color difference of the selected materials and the large floor area to be decorated by the customer, the Japanese engineering technical guidance has proposed a very novel treatment method when the color of the whole floor cannot be guaranteed to be basically consistent. The plates shall be arranged and processed according to the method of progressive color layer by layer to ensure the color of each layer is consistent. This method is not only interesting and novel, but also can achieve an ideal decorative effect.
8、 Chasing grain
Many stone materials have a certain trend of grain. If we make good use of the changeable characteristics of stone materials and make the front, back, left, right or top, bottom, left and right grain connected end to end, we can create a very beautiful natural pattern. This kind of pattern can be like unpredictable clouds, or like surging fields or mountains and rivers. This abstract natural pattern is all based on the imagination of the viewer. From watching, we can enjoy the beauty brought by nature.
Now, the processing method of tracing lines in stone processing is not only applicable to this kind of stone with exposed lines, but also applied to the processing of stone with color difference, to ensure that the original natural style of the plate is always maintained during installation, and it can be explained with the customer that the plate with color difference is processed by the same large plate.
9、 Disorderly form
Stone decoration is currently a popular practice of random spelling, regardless of color differences, random spelling, the pursuit of a natural, simple effect. This decoration technique can be freely developed and created by designers and decorators according to their own imagination. The final effect of decoration depends on others to understand and explain.
10、 Layered processing
There are many stones like old beige, brown reticulated and other stones with completely different colors on the same big board. If no special method is adopted in the processing, it is impossible to obtain a good decorative effect.
The so-called layered processing is to cut the plates of the same color and place them in the same area and adjacent areas according to the color of the large plate surface, the color levels, the technical requirements and size requirements on the production and processing sheet.
11、 The installer shall install in strict accordance with the plate arrangement number of the manufacturer
Before the stone products leave the factory, the manufacturers usually have numbers and arrows to indicate clear directions. If the construction party does not strictly follow the number given by the manufacturer during installation, and randomly disturb the manufacturer's number, the installation effect of the entire space will become very poor.
12、 Good communication and negotiation with customers
The difficulties in the world can also be solved through good communication and negotiation, especially for stone, which is a non renewable natural resource left by nature. What reason do we have to be so critical of such natural things, to seek the so-called ideal state of perfection. A bright moon is very beautiful, but can you say that the curved moon is extremely ugly?
The beauty and ugliness of things are not viewed from the part of things. The key is to evaluate from the overall effect and function of things. Good effect and good function are the ideal realm of designers.
The quality inspection and acceptance of stone products are subject to the relevant quality standards. However, considering that stone is a natural product, we cannot copy the set of standards in the process of processing as an unchanging dogma. The specific processing and installation should always start from the environment and space position of the stone, consider the final decoration effect of the stone installation, give consideration to the quality of the product and the comprehensive utilization of the stone, maximize the potential and tap the value of the stone, and use various means to solve the inevitable defects in the stone, so that the stone products will shine more charming.